An anal fistula is an abnormal channel between the inside of the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It usually follows an anal abscess. Symptoms include repeated discharge, pain, swelling, irritation and recurring abscesses. A fistula rarely heals on its own, so surgery is usually needed.
 

Patients seen at Apex are examined carefully, and MRI of the pelvis or other tests may be advised to map the tract. The route of the fistula matters, because it determines the type of surgery and the risk to the muscles that control continence. If an abscess is present, it is first drained, and the fistula may be treated at a later stage.

Surgery is planned according to the tract. A simple, low fistula may be laid open. A complex or high fistula may need staged treatment, a drain placed in the tract or techniques designed to protect the sphincter muscles. The surgeon explains the aims and the possible trade-offs. Wound care, regular dressings and bowel regulation are important afterwards, and healing may take several weeks.

How the Procedure Can Help

Surgery can close or drain the tract, stop repeated abscesses and relieve discharge and discomfort. Careful planning aims to cure the fistula while keeping bowel control.

Risks and Considerations

Risks include recurrence, delayed healing, infection, bleeding and, in some cases, changes in bowel control, especially with complex fistulas. Increasing pain, fever, swelling or heavy discharge after surgery needs regular review.