Microscopic discectomy removes the part of a herniated disc that presses on a spinal nerve. Decompression, sometimes called laminectomy, removes bone or thickened ligament that narrows the spinal canal. Both operations aim to relieve pressure on nerves so that pain, numbness and weakness improve.

For those needing spine surgery in Mumbai, Apex begins with a neurological examination and MRI to confirm that the findings match the symptoms. Physiotherapy and medicines are usually tried first, unless weakness is progressing or bladder and bowel control is affected. The surgery is done under general anaesthesia through a small incision in the back or neck, with magnification. Specialised burr and drill systems are used to carefully remove bone, and the nerve is gently freed from pressure.

Patients are encouraged to walk soon after surgery. Many go home within a few days, and the surgeon advises on wound care, posture, lifting and a graded exercise programme. Pain in the leg or arm often improves quickly, while numbness may take longer to settle.

How the Procedure Can Help

Surgery can relieve nerve pain, restore strength and improve walking when pressure on a nerve or the spinal cord is the cause. It can also prevent permanent nerve damage in cases of severe compression.

Risks and Considerations

Risks include infection, bleeding, leakage of spinal fluid, nerve injury, return of the disc herniation and persistent pain. Some patients need further treatment if the spine becomes unstable. Fever, wound discharge, new weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control or severe headache on standing needs urgent attention.