Paracentesis drains fluid from the abdominal cavity, known as ascites. Cancers of the ovary, liver, pancreas and digestive tract, and advanced liver disease can all cause it. A swollen abdomen, early fullness, breathlessness and discomfort are typical symptoms.

An ultrasound identifies a safe area. The skin is cleaned and numbed, and a thin needle or small tube is placed into the abdomen to drain the fluid. A sample is sent to the laboratory to check for infection and cancer cells. When a large volume is removed, intravenous fluids or albumin may be given to maintain blood pressure.

How the Procedure Can Help

It eases pressure, pain and breathing difficulty and helps determine whether cancer is the cause of the fluid.

Risks and Considerations

Possible effects include leakage from the puncture site, low blood pressure, infection and, rarely, injury to the bowel or a blood vessel. Fever, increasing abdominal pain or dizziness afterwards needs urgent review.