A ventricular assist device is a mechanical pump that helps a weakened heart move blood around the body. The most common type, the left ventricular assist device (LVAD), is attached to the main pumping chamber and sends blood to the aorta. It is powered through a cable that leaves the body through the skin of the abdomen and is connected to a controller and batteries that the patient carries.

A heart and vascular specialist in Mumbai at Apex assesses patients for a VAD as a bridge to transplant, while waiting for a donor heart, or as long-term support when transplant is not possible. Tests look at heart function, the right side of the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs and general health. The team also looks at the home situation, because a trained caregiver is essential. Patients and families learn how the device works before surgery.

After implantation, patients stay in intensive care and then in hospital for several weeks while they learn to manage the device. They are trained in battery changes, dressing care at the cable site, alarm responses and emergency steps. At home, they take blood thinners and attend regular clinics. Blood pressure, device data and wound checks guide adjustments.

How the Procedure Can Help

A VAD can reduce breathlessness, improve energy and extend life in advanced heart failure. Many patients can walk, travel short distances and take part in family life again, which was not possible before the device.

Risks and Considerations

Risks include bleeding, stroke, infection at the cable site, blood clots in the pump, right-sided heart failure and the need for lifelong device care. Fever, redness or discharge at the cable site, alarms from the controller, sudden weakness, black stools or confusion need urgent attention. Patients must avoid water exposure to the device and keep spare batteries and equipment ready.