Breast surgical oncology treats breast cancer by removing the tumour and, if necessary, the lymph nodes under the arm. Most patients with early breast cancer can choose between breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy, and the choice depends on the tumour's size, position, number of tumours, breast size, and the patient's preference. Women looking for breast cancer surgery in Mumbai are encouraged to ask about both options before deciding.

Evaluation includes breast examination, mammography, ultrasound and needle biopsy. When the lymph nodes need to be checked, a sentinel node biopsy can often avoid removing all the nodes. Radiotherapy is usually advised after breast-conserving surgery.

Surgery affects body image, so reconstruction options are discussed early. Arm exercises and care after surgery help prevent stiffness and swelling.

Breast surgical oncology services at Apex include:

• Breast-Conserving Surgery: Removal of the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue while keeping the rest of the breast, usually followed by radiotherapy to reduce the chance of local recurrence.
• Mastectomy: Removal of the whole breast when conservation is not suitable or when the patient chooses it, with discussion of skin-sparing options and reconstruction.
• Sentinel Node Biopsy and Axillary Surgery: Checking the first draining lymph nodes to see whether cancer has spread and removing more nodes only when they are involved.
• Reconstruction Planning: Early discussion with plastic surgery colleagues about rebuilding the breast, either at the same operation or later, according to the treatment plan.