GI oncology deals with cancers of the digestive system, including the food pipe, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas and bile ducts. Early signs can be subtle and are easily mistaken for common digestive problems, so persistent or unexplained symptoms should be examined rather than ignored.

Warning signs include difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, blood in stools, a change in bowel habit lasting several weeks, persistent abdominal pain, jaundice and unexplained anaemia. Diagnosis usually involves endoscopy or colonoscopy in Mumbai, biopsy, blood tests and imaging to establish the type and extent of disease.

Gastroenterologists contribute to detection, tissue diagnosis, removal of early lesions and relief of blockages through stents. Treatment of established cancer is planned around stage and location and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination, with the gastroenterology team coordinating with the relevant specialists.

GI oncology services at Apex include:

• Early Detection: Endoscopic and colonoscopic evaluation of suspicious symptoms so that changes in the lining can be seen directly and sampled before a diagnosis is assumed.
• Polyp Removal: Endoscopic removal of colon polyps to reduce cancer risk, with the timing of repeat screening advised according to age, findings and family history.
• Tissue Diagnosis: Biopsy and, where indicated, endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling, which confirms the type of abnormality and helps the team decide on the next step.
• Palliative Endoscopic Care: Stent placement to relieve blockages in the food pipe, bile duct or bowel, improving swallowing, jaundice or bowel function when a cure is not possible.