Surgical neuro-oncology deals with the operative treatment of tumours of the brain, spinal cord and the structures around them. Some tumours are benign and may be cured by removal, while others are malignant and need surgery along with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Symptoms depend on location and include headaches, seizures, weakness, speech or vision trouble and changes in behaviour.

Diagnosis begins with a neurological examination and MRI or CT. A tissue sample, taken during surgery or by biopsy, is usually needed to identify the tumour type, which strongly influences the plan. Surgery aims to remove as much of the tumour as is safe while protecting areas that control movement, speech and sensation.

Care is shared by a team. Surgeons, oncologists, radiation specialists and neurologists plan treatment together, and rehabilitation is arranged once the patient is stable.

Surgical neuro-oncology services at Apex include:

• Brain Tumour Removal: Craniotomy with microscope assistance to remove tumours, aiming to relieve pressure and symptoms and to obtain tissue for accurate diagnosis.
• Tumour Biopsy: Sampling of tissue from deep or difficult-to-reach growths when complete removal is not advisable, so that the type of tumour is known before further treatment is planned.
• Spinal Cord Tumour Surgery: Removal of growths within or around the spinal cord, with care to protect nerve function and spinal stability.
• Seizure and Swelling Control: Use of medicines before and after surgery to prevent seizures and reduce brain swelling, together with follow-up scans to monitor the result.