Pediatric nephrology deals with kidney and urinary tract problems in children. Common conditions include urinary tract infections, swelling of the face or legs from nephrotic syndrome, blood or protein in the urine, high blood pressure and kidney differences present from birth.

Warning signs include fever without a clear cause in a young child, burning or frequent passing of urine, bedwetting beyond the usual age, puffiness around the eyes, reduced urine and dark or red urine. Urine tests, blood tests and ultrasound of the kidneys help find the cause.

Immediate treatment of urinary infections protects the kidneys from scarring. Some conditions require long-term follow-up of growth, blood pressure and kidney function, and parents are given clear instructions about fluids, diet and medicines.

Pediatric nephrology services at Apex include:

• Urinary Infection Care: Urine testing, appropriate antibiotics and an ultrasound to look for structural causes, with advice on hygiene and fluids to reduce repeat infections.
• Nephrotic Syndrome Management: Treatment of swelling and protein loss in the urine with medicines such as steroids, along with diet advice and regular review.
• Blood Pressure and Urine Abnormalities: Evaluation of high blood pressure, blood or protein in urine, and unexplained kidney test changes in children.
• Kidney Ultrasound and Follow-Up: Imaging to assess kidney size and structure, with scheduled review of growth, blood pressure and kidney function over time.