Pediatric pulmonology deals with the airways and lungs of children. Common problems include asthma, recurrent wheeze, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, persistent cough, allergic rhinitis and breathing problems during sleep. Children's airways are narrow, so even mild swelling can cause difficulty.

A child with recurrent cough or wheeze is asked about triggers such as dust, smoke, cold air and allergies. The doctor listens to the chest and may advise a chest X-ray, allergy tests or breathing tests in older children. Treatment often includes inhaled medicines, given with a spacer or mask, so that the medicine reaches the lungs.

Parents are taught how to use inhalers, how to recognise early signs of an attack and when to seek urgent help. Avoiding smoke and known triggers is an important part of care.

Paediatric pulmonology services at Apex include:

• Asthma Care: Diagnosis, selection of reliever and preventer inhalers, and a written action plan so that families know what to do during an attack.
• Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis Treatment: Assessment of breathing, oxygen levels and hydration, with home care or hospital admission and oxygen support as needed.
• Allergic Airway Disease: Evaluation and treatment of sneezing, blocked nose and chronic cough linked to allergies, with advice on avoiding triggers.
• Sleep-Related Breathing Problems: Assessment of loud snoring and breathing pauses in children, with referral for tests or ENT review when needed.